Ductal, lobular solid, and mixed-type (ductal and lobular) tumors have a 10-year OS in only 50% of cases. These tumors have a 10-year overall survival (OS) in 80% of cases. Histologically, tubular, mucinous, tubulolobular, and cribriform breast tumors have the best prognoses. In clinical stage I, some studies have reported a recurrence risk of 38% when lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is present in comparison to 22% in cases where LVI is absent however, some studies have not found any differences. This prognostic factor has a significant relevance in patients with small tumors and negative LNs. Grade 3 tumors have a relative recurrence risk of 4.4 times higher compared to the reference group. According to these characteristics, tumors can be well-, medium-, and poorly-differentiated (grades 1, 2, or 3, resp.). The Scarff-Bloom Richardson (SBR) grading system takes into account the mitotic index and the differentiation and pleomorphism of the tumor. Tumor grade has also been widely accepted as a prognostic factor. Patients with tumors that were smaller than 1 cm in diameter had an overall 5-year survival rate of 99%, whereas patients with tumors of 3–5 cm in diameter had a survival rate of 86%. In patients with negative LN, tumor size is an independent prognostic factor of breast recurrence. There is also a direct correlation of positive LN status with the risk of distant recurrence. Patients with cancer-positive LN have been reported to have a four to eight times higher mortality rate in comparison to patients with negative lymph nodes. The involvement of the axillary lymph nodes (LNs) is the most important prognostic factor for recurrence in the early stages of BC according to the literature. This wide range of reported results is probably due to inadequate axillary dissection, incomplete surgical technique, or suboptimal systemic treatment. Today, we are able to detect BC at earlier stages however, according to the literature, cases of locoregional and distant recurrences have been reported in 5 to 40% of cases. For example, in the USA, stage 0 or I disease was found in 56% of cases in 1995 in comparison to only 45% in 1985. The introduction of mammography screening protocols in recent decades has facilitated the detection of breast cancer at increasingly earlier stages. In Mexico in 2007, there were 16,340 reported hospitalizations for breast cancer and 4,872 breast cancer-related deaths. The lifetime risk for developing breast cancer has been reported to be as high as 12%, whereas the risk of death has been reported to be as high as 5%. Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among American women, with more than 200,000 new cases diagnosed each year.
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